Kedu ka isi njikwa na data PPK si emetụta izi ezi nke ụdị 3D

N'ime nnwale abụọ a, anyị webatara mgbanwe anọ dị iche iche iji chọpụta izi ezi nke ụdị 3D. Ụdị mgbanwe anọ dị iche iche bụ:

1: ụdị ụgbọ ala drones: VTOL drone ma ọ bụ drone multi-rotor

2: GSD dị iche iche

3: Na / enweghị akara akara ala

4: Enweghị / enweghị data PPK

Nnwale 1: mmetụta nke isi ihe nchịkwa ala (GCPs) na nha anya nke ihe nlereanya 3D;

Ọnọdụ 1

Onye na-ebu drone	Igwefoto oblique	GSD	PPK
CW10 VTOL	DG4 uru	2cm	Ee

Nsonaazụ Tebụl 1:

Ọnụọgụ ihe	ogologo nha (L0)	Ogologo ụdị 3D (L1) na-enweghị GCP	Ogologo ihe nlereanya 3D (L2) na GCP	Ds1 (L0-L1)	Ds2 (L0-L2)
1	7.210	7.20	7.21	0.01	0.00
	8.706	8.71	8.68	0.00	0.03
	10.961	10.87	10.90	0.09	0.06
2	7.010	6.89	6.98	0.12	0.03
3	1.822	1.79	1.80	0.03	0.02
4	10.410	10.39	10.40	0.02	0.01
5	10.718	10.67	10.70	0.05	0.02
6	13,787	13.75	13.77	0.04	0.02
7	11.404	11.39	11.39	0.01	0.01
	12.147	12.13	12.13	0.02	0.02
8	7.526	7.51	7.49	0.02	0.04
	13,797	13.79	13.81	0.01	-0.01
9	10,374	10.35	10.36	0.02	0.01
10	2.109	2.03	2.02	0.08	0.09
	4.281	4.15	4.16	0.13	0.12
11	14.675	14.61	14.66	0.07	0.02
	8.600	8.60	8.54	0.00	0.06
12	13.394	13.37	13.35	0.02	0.04
13	12.940	12.88	12.89	0.06	0.05
14	7.190	7.20	7.18	-0.01	0.01
15	13.371	13.36	13.35	0.01	0.02
	6,435	6.40	6.41	0.03	0.02
16	3,742	3.75	3.72	-0.01	0.02
17	6.022	5.97	5.98	0.05	0.04
18	3,937	3.93	3.89	0.01	0.05
19	8.120	8.10	8.12	0.02	0.00
	14.411	14.40	14.40	0.01	0.01
20	6.077	6.04	6.03	0.04	0.05
21	13.696	13.65	13.66	0.05	0.04
RMSE: Ds1=0.0342m,Ds2=0.0308m

Ọnọdụ 2

Onye na-ebu drone	Igwefoto oblique	GSD	PPK
CW10 VTOL	DG4 uru	2cm	Mba

Nsonaazụ Tebụl 2:

Ọnụọgụ ihe	ogologo nha (L0)	Ogologo ụdị 3D (L1) na-enweghị GCP	Ogologo ihe nlereanya 3D (L2) na GCP	Ds1 (L0-L1)	Ds2 (L0-L2)
1	7.210	7.18	7.18	0,030	0,030
	8.706	8.69	8.68	0.016	0.026
	10.961	10.89	10.91	0.071	0,051
2	7.010	6.88	6.92	0.130	0.090
3	1.822	1.76	1.79	0.062	0.032
4	10.410	10.38	10.39	0,030	0.020
5	10.718	10.65	10.66	0.068	0,058
6	13,787	13.72	13.77	0.067	0.017
7	11.404	11.41	11.38	-0.006	0.024
	12.147	12.13	12.12	0.017	0.027
8	7.526	7.44	7.47	0.086	0,056
	13,797	13.83	13.83	-0.033	-0.033
9	10,374	10.35	10.34	0.024	0.034
10	2.109	1.98	2.03	0.129	0,079
	4.281	4.14	4.18	0.141	0.101
11	14.675	14.55	14.59	0.125	0.085
	8.600	8.58	8.57	0.020	0,030
12	13.394	13.36	13.35	0.034	0.044
13	12.940	12.95	12.92	-0.010	0.020
14	7.190	7.21	7.21	-0.020	-0.020
15	13.371	13.36	13.36	0.011	0.011
	6,435	6.37	6.43	0.065	0,005
16	3,742	3.74	3.72	0,002	0.022
17	6.022	6.03	6.00	-0.008	0.022
18	3,937	3.91	3.94	0.027	-0.003
19	8.120	8.09	8.09	0,030	0,030
	14.411	14.40	14.41	0.011	0.001
20	6.077	6.06	6.03	0.017	0,047
21	13.696	13.68	13.65	0.016	0.046
RMSE: Ds1=0.0397m,Ds2=0.0328m

Ọnọdụ 3

Onye na-ebu drone	Igwefoto oblique	GSD	PPK
CW10 VTOL	DG4 uru	1.5cm	Ee

Nsonaazụ Tebụl 3:

Ọnụọgụ ihe	ogologo nha (L0)	Ogologo ụdị 3D (L1) na-enweghị GCP	Ogologo ihe nlereanya 3D (L2) na GCP	Ds1 (L0-L1)	Ds2 (L0-L2)
1	7.210	7.20	7.21	0.01	0.00
	8.706	8.69	8.7	0.02	0.01
	10.961	10.88	10.89	0.08	0.07
2	7.010	6.87	6.99	0.14	0.02
3	1.822	1.75	1.78	0.07	0.04
4	10.410	10.38	10.39	0.03	0.02
5	10.718	10.69	10.69	0.03	0.03
6	13,787	13.78	13.76	0.01	0.03
7	11.404	11.38	11.39	0.02	0.01
	12.147	12.12	12.12	0.03	0.03
8	7.526	7.49	7.51	0.04	0.02
	13,797	13.78	13.8	0.02	0.00
9	10,374	10.34	10.35	0.03	0.02
10	2.109	2.02	2.11	0.09	0.00
	4.281	4.21	4.28	0.07	0.00
11	14.675	14.65	14.68	0.03	0.00
	8.600	8.57	8.53	0.03	0.07
12	13.394	13.40	13.37	-0.01	0.02
13	12.940	12.89	12.91	0.05	0.03
14	7.190	7.18	7.2	0.01	-0.01
15	13.371	13.38	13.35	-0.01	0.02
	6,435	6.46	6.4	-0.03	0.03
16	3,742	3.75	3.71	-0.01	0.03
17	6.022	5.97	5.98	0.05	0.04
18	3,937	3.91	3.89	0.03	0.05
19	8.120	8.08	8.1	0.04	0.02
	14.411	14.38	14.39	0.03	0.02
20	6.077	6.05	6.03	0.03	0.05
21	13.696	13.67	13.64	0.03	0.06
RMSE: Ds1=0.0328m,Ds2=0.0249m

Ọnọdụ 4

Onye na-ebu drone	Igwefoto oblique	GSD	PPK
CW10 VTOL	DG4 uru	1.5cm	Mba

Nsonaazụ Tebụl 4:

Ọnụọgụ ihe	ogologo nha (L0)	Ogologo ụdị 3D (L1) na-enweghị GCP	Ogologo ihe nlereanya 3D (L2) na GCP	Ds1 (L0-L1)	Ds2 (L0-L2)
1	7.210	7.20	7.21	0.010	0
	8.706	8.65	8.68	0,056	0.026
	10.961	10.90	10.87	0.061	0.091
2	7.010	6.86	6.88	0.150	0.13
3	1.822	1.76	1.76	0.062	0.062
4	10.410	10.37	10.38	0,040	0.03
5	10.718	10.68	10.72	0,038	-0.002
6	13,787	13.71	13.79	0,077	-0.003
7	11.404	11.38	11.38	0.024	0.024
	12.147	12.12	12.13	0.027	0.017
8	7.526	7.49	7.53	0.036	-0.004
	13,797	13.77	13.78	0.027	0.017
9	10,374	10.35	10.37	0.024	0.004
10	2.109	2.09	2.11	0.019	-0.001
	4.281	4.19	4.28	0.091	0.001
11	14.675	14.64	14.67	0,035	0,005
	8.600	8.57	8.58	0,030	0.02
12	13.394	13.38	13.39	0.014	0.004
13	12.940	12.91	12.9	0,030	0.04
14	7.190	7.20	7.19	-0.010	0
15	13.371	13.38	13.37	-0.009	0.001
	6,435	6.43	6.42	0,005	0.015
16	3,742	3.70	3.7	0.042	0.042
17	6.022	5.99	5.98	0.032	0.042
18	3,937	3.94	3.91	-0.003	0.027
19	8.120	8.12	8.07	0,000	0.05
	14.411	14.37	14.38	0.041	0.031
20	6.077	6.04	6.04	0,037	0,037
21	13.696	13.65	13.65	0.046	0.046
RMSE: Ds1=0.0356m,Ds2=0.0259m

Ọnọdụ 5

Onye na-ebu drone	Igwefoto oblique	GSD	PPK
DJI M600 Pro Multi-rotor	DG4 uru	1.5cm	Mba

Nsonaazụ Tebụl 5:

Ọnụọgụ ihe	ogologo nha (L0)	Ogologo ụdị 3D (L1) na-enweghị GCP	Ogologo ihe nlereanya 3D (L2) na GCP	Ds1 (L0-L1)	Ds2 (L0-L2)
1	7.210	7.19	7.21	0.02	0.00
	8.706	8.70	8.70	0.01	0.01
	10.961	10.91	10.91	0.05	0.05
2	7.010	6.98	6.98	0.03	0.03
3	1.822	1.79	1.80	0.03	0.02
4	10.410	10.39	10.39	0.02	0.02
5	10.718	10.69	10.70	0.03	0.02
6	13,787	13.76	13.75	0.03	0.04
7	11.404	11.38	11.38	0.02	0.02
	12.147	12.12	12.13	0.03	0.02
8	7.526	7.50	7.49	0.03	0.04
	13,797	13.77	13.79	0.03	0.01
9	10,374	10.33	10.35	0.04	0.02
10	2.109	2.02	2.07	0.09	0.04
	4.281	4.20	4.21	0.08	0.07
11	14.675	14.65	14.66	0.03	0.02
	8.600	8.57	8.57	0.03	0.03
12	13.394	13.35	13.35	0.04	0.04
13	12.940	12.92	12.93	0.02	0.01
14	7.190	7.17	7.18	0.02	0.01
15	13.371	13.35	13.36	0.02	0.01
	6,435	6.41	6.42	0.02	0.01
16	3,742	3.70	3.71	0.04	0.03
17	6.022	5.99	6.00	0.03	0.02
18	3,937	3.89	3.91	0.05	0.03
19	8.120	8.08	8.10	0.04	0.02
	14.411	14.36	14.35	0.05	0.06
20	6.077	6.06	6.06	0.02	0.02
21	13.696	13.65	13.67	0.05	0.03
RMSE: Ds1=0.0342m,Ds2=0.0256m

Mkpebi

Ụdị mgbanwe nke nnwale 1 bụ:

1: Na / enweghị data PPK.

2: Ụdị ụgbọ mmiri na-ebu: VTOL drone ma ọ bụ drone multi-rotor

3: GSD dị iche iche: 1.5 cm ma ọ bụ 2cm

Mgbe nyochachara usoro nyocha nnwale, anyị nwere ike nweta nkwubi okwu ndị a:

Mgbe igwefoto oblique bụ DG4Pros:

(1) Na / na-enweghị ebe njikwa ala (GCP) na-etinye aka na AT triangulation, ma ọ bụ VTOL ma ọ bụ multi-rotor drone, ma GSD bụ 2cm ma ọ bụ 1.5cm, ihe ngosi 3D nke igwefoto oblique DG4Pros wuru nwere ike izute Ihe achọrọ maka njehie ikwu ziri ezi Ds≤10cm.

(2) Mgbe na-enweghị GCP bụ otu mgbanwe, ikwu izi ezi nke ụdị 3D na GCPs dị mma karịa nke na-enweghị GCP.

(3) Mgbe GSD bụ otu ngbanwe, izi ezi nke ụdị 3D nke GSD 1.5cm dị mma karịa nke GSD 2cm.

(4) Mgbe onye na-ebu ụgbọ mmiri bụ otu mgbanwe, ihe ziri ezi nke ụdị 3D nke na-eji multi-rotor dị mma karịa iji VTOL dị ka ụgbọelu ụgbọelu.

Nnwale 2: Enweghị GCPs, mmetụta nke data PPK na izi ezi nke ụdị 3D.

Ọnọdụ 1

Onye na-ebu drone	Igwefoto oblique	GSD	Ndị GCP
CW10 VTOL	DG4 uru	2cm	Mba

Nsonaazụ Tebụl 1:

Ọnụọgụ ihe	ogologo nha (L0)	Ogologo ụdị 3D (L1) na-enweghị PPK	Ogologo ihe nlereanya 3D (L2) na PPK	Ds1 (L0-L1)	Ds2 (L0-L2)
1	7.210	7.18	7.20	0,030	0.01
	8.706	8.69	8.71	0.016	0.00
	10.961	10.89	10.87	0.071	0.09
2	7.010	6.88	6.89	0.130	0.12
3	1.822	1.76	1.79	0.062	0.03
4	10.410	10.38	10.39	0,030	0.02
5	10.718	10.65	10.67	0.068	0.05
6	13,787	13.72	13.75	0.067	0.04
7	11.404	11.41	11.39	-0.006	0.01
	12.147	12.13	12.13	0.017	0.02
8	7.526	7.44	7.51	0.086	0.02
	13,797	13.83	13.79	-0.033	0.01
9	10,374	10.35	10.35	0.024	0.02
10	2.109	1.98	2.03	0.129	0.08
	4.281	4.14	4.15	0.141	0.13
11	14.675	14.55	14.61	0.125	0.07
	8.600	8.58	8.60	0.020	0.00
12	13.394	13.36	13.37	0.034	0.02
13	12.940	12.95	12.88	-0.010	0.06
14	7.190	7.21	7.20	-0.020	-0.01
15	13.371	13.36	13.36	0.011	0.01
	6,435	6.37	6.40	0.065	0.03
16	3,742	3.74	3.75	0,002	-0.01
17	6.022	6.03	5.97	-0.008	0.05
18	3,937	3.91	3.93	0.027	0.01
19	8.120	8.09	8.10	0,030	0.02
	14.411	14.40	14.40	0.011	0.01
20	6.077	6.06	6.04	0.017	0.04
21	13.696	13.68	13.65	0.016	0.05
RMSE Ds1=0.0397m，Ds2=0.0342m

Nke gara aga:Kedu ka chromatic aberration na distortion si emetụta ima

Osote:Kedu ka ogologo ntụsara ụkwụ si emetụta nsonaazụ nhazi 3D

laghachi

Igwefoto RIY oblique

Igwefoto otu oghere RIE

Ngwa ngwa

Ọkachamara

Mma karịa Mkpa ọkụ

Chekwa oge

Mụta ịrụ ọrụ n'ime nkeji iri

Ogo onyonyo dị elu yana nke ziri ezi

Mkpughe mmekọrịta

siri ike yana nchekwa

Enwere ike ijikọ ya na ọtụtụ ụdị drones

Nnyocha/GIS

Obodo Smart

Ihe owuwu / Ngwuputa ihe

Njem nlegharị anya/nchekwa ụlọ ochie

Ndị agha/Ndị uwe ojii

Akụkọ

Nnwale 1: mmetụta nke isi ihe nchịkwa ala (GCPs) na nha anya nke ihe nlereanya 3D;

Ọnọdụ 1

Nsonaazụ Tebụl 1:

Ọnọdụ 2

Nsonaazụ Tebụl 2:

Ọnọdụ 3

Nsonaazụ Tebụl 3:

Ọnọdụ 4

Nsonaazụ Tebụl 4:

Ọnọdụ 5

Nsonaazụ Tebụl 5:

Mkpebi

Nnwale 2: Enweghị GCPs, mmetụta nke data PPK na izi ezi nke ụdị 3D.

Ọnọdụ 1

Nsonaazụ Tebụl 1:

Ngwaahịa+

Ngwa+

Akụkọ+

Gbasara Anyị+

KPỌTỤRỤ ANYỊ